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Malay Politics and Social Media During the 15th General Election in Malaysia (72054)
Friday, 30 June 2023 11:15
Session: Session 1
Room: Lecture Room 1
Presentation Type:Oral Presentation
The proliferation of social media has ramifications for Malaysia as it is a conduit for alternative information and democratic values. The Internet increases transparency by helping people to avoid censorship, thus facilitating the flow of information about the government and people. During 15th general election (GE15) in 2022, social media was an important instrument in promoting democracy by opening up more space for Malaysians to deliberate on political issues. While political parties had more freedom to campaign during the election, Malay political parties such as UMNO, PAS, and BERSATU, plus Amanah, PKR and Pejuang also had the same opportunity to project themselves as champions of core issues such as Malay rights and unity. Therefore, this paper will trace the impact of social media during GE15, and examine the utilization of social media by political parties to win votes using issues of Malay unity and rights and triggered the ‘Green Wave’.
Authors:
Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Sani, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Women and Violence in Urban Spaces: Modalities, Spaces, Narratives (72053)
Saturday, 1 July 2023 11:50
Session: Session 2
Room: Lecture Room 1
Presentation Type:Oral Presentation
“Gender is built into the cities we inhabit,” asserts Madhavi Desai. We live in the age of urbanization and global cities are projected as spaces of opportunities and better life. However, can we talk of the urban space without taking into account gender, caste, class and religion, especially in the Indian context? Gendered power relations based on specific identity influence the shaping of urban spaces like educational institutions, office spaces, malls, housing etc. What are the kind of subtle and blatant violence do women negotiate with at these spaces? Our paper through a study of literary narratives, interviews, questionnaires and research data collection explore how multifarious and diverse this violence is for women from different social strata. We aim to engage with gender, class, caste, religion to explore the complexities of violence and envision a society based on the foundations of social and distributive justice.
Authors:
Arunima Ray, Lady Shri Ram College for Women, New Delhi, India
Wafa Hamid, Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi, India
Weaving Social Fabrics: Legitimacy and Peace Building in Southeast Asia (72052)
Friday, 30 June 2023 15:15
Session: Session 3
Room: Main Hall
Presentation Type:Panel Presentation
Legitimacy is profoundly salient for enabling sustainable peace. Legitimacy makes societal elements approve of rulers, obey laws, and perceive power relationships as just. The right to rule, rule of law, and perception of justice solidify a lasting peace formation. As such, this panel addresses the following questions: First, what forms of legitimacy are significant for peace building? Second, to what extent does use of coercive force develop peace? Third, do instrumental forms of legitimacy developed by responding to citizens’ needs solidify peace? Fourth, can substantive legitimacy (grounded in shared values and rightfulness) be salient for a lasting peace? Fifth, does a form of interactive legitimacy developed through daily interaction based on dignity and respect sustain peace? These questions, derived from research on peace building, are reflected through Southeast Asian experiences/cases on peace building. The other salient issue pertains to multiple forms of authority in peace processes. This panel, composed of five speakers (moderator, cases of Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, and Myanmar) address these issues.
Authors:
Paul Chambers, Naresuan University, Thailand
Ketut Erawan, Warmadewa University, Indonesia
Srisompob Jitpiromsri, Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand
Julio Teehankee, De La Salle University, Philippines
Lina Alexander, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Indonesia
South Korea’s Threat Perception of North Korea: A Comprehensive Framework (72050)
Saturday, 1 July 2023 11:25
Session: Session 2
Room: Lecture Room 2
Presentation Type:Oral Presentation
This research seeks to identify the causal factors that influence South Korean threat perception of North Korea, and aims to understand why there has been variance over time. It argues that South Korean threat perception cannot be explained through only exogenous factors, such as the role of the United States, North Korean military capabilities or its level of adherence to international norms. A deeper understanding of South Korea’s domestic factors, such as national identity and domestic politics, are needed to fully understand the total composition of threat perception. This research furthermore examines the objective threat that North Korea poses from a Defensive Realism perspective, and then proposes a more eclectic framework to understand threat perception via incorporating English School Rationalism and Constructivism theories.
Authors:
Patricia Aguado Gamero, Ewha Womans University, South Korea
Securitization and Regional Strategy: The Role of Non-traditional Security in China’s Track 2 Diplomacy in Southeast Asia (72049)
Thursday, 29 June 2023 14:20
Session: Session 2
Room: Room A (Live Stream)
Presentation Type:Live-Stream Presentation
Since the 1990s, China has expanded its regional engagement strategies in Southeast Asia. One such approach is track 2 diplomacy which focuses on multilateral security dialogues and aims to support and strengthen official diplomacy. An important question related to China's choice of track 2 diplomacy is the role of non-traditional security (NTS) in regional security issues shared by China and ASEAN, and how these issues have been framed by China to connect the NTS agenda to its national security. Through securitization theory, this article looks at three areas of China-ASEAN relations where track 2 diplomacy has been utilized: (1) the South China Sea (SCS) issue, (2) transnational crimes and counterterrorism, and (3) subregional cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This study finds that securitizing these areas has led to the inclusion of the NTS agenda in China’s regional diplomatic strategies which, in turn, has led to track 2 diplomacy becoming a viable response to the emerging NTS threats in these regional security issues.
Authors:
Aletheia Kerygma B. Valenciano, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines
Denunciation in the Xi Jinping Era: An Analysis of State-Society Relationship (72048)
Thursday, 29 June 2023 13:05
Session: Session 2
Room: Room B (Live Stream)
Presentation Type:Live-Stream Presentation
Since the inception of the Xi Jinping era, denunciation has witnessed a significant surge in China. With the centralization under Xi Jinping, the prevalence of denunciations is anticipated to rise further. Although research on denunciation in Europe has gradually amassed since the 1990s, there remains a dearth of studies on this phenomenon in China, the world's largest authoritarian state. Chinese researchers often avoid politically-related denunciation inquiries due to limited freedom of speech. In contrast to Europe, denunciation in China primarily targets local political elites, and the government provides financial incentives for such denunciations. Concurrently, state propaganda underscores the material benefits associated with denunciation. The Chinese government has established a dedicated organization for handling denunciations and, more recently, mass organizations to mobilize the public for denunciation. However, the state's encouragement of denunciation has afforded the populace alternative avenues for rightful resistance, distinct from those previously available. The masses can choose to denounce directly to the party or simultaneously with petitions to investigate and penalize the denounced political elites and reclaim their rights. This study employs quantitative text analysis and case studies to substantiate these findings, highlighting the evolving state-society relationship in China during the Xi Jinping era, as evidenced by the dynamics of denunciation.
Authors:
Yu Wang, Keio University, Japan
Reconsidering Ostpolitik of Russia Foreign Policy and Japan Security Policy after the Emerging of Ukraine War 2022 (72047)
Saturday, 1 July 2023 09:25
Session: Session 1
Room: Lecture Room 2
Presentation Type:Oral Presentation
Since Ukraine War in 2022 German’s Russia relations before the Ukraine war tied firmly with the joint natural gas pipeline projects for mutual benefits. Likewise, Japan expands and strengthens relations with the former Soviet Union satellites, particularly in bilateral relations such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the period of Shinzo Abe government. After the war in Ukraine erupted, Germany exposed sanctions as well as supported NATO’s members in dispatching troops and weapons to Ukraine. Japan government increased security measures in response to the future threats, particularly adding more measures on preventive attacks in the National Security Strategy. The frameworks employed in this study consisted of Neorealism and Agent-structure in analyzing the Russia-German and Russia-Japan relations in pre and post Ukraine war. In case of Germany ‘s chancellor, Olaf Scholz considered of his coalition party in making decision to send troops and armament to NATO’s members. Besides, Japan leader, Fumio Kishida, considered reckoning up the preventive measures which may consequence to help boosting economy growth and enemy twisted.
Authors:
Oratai Soparat, Naresuan University, Thailand
How Asian States Justify Suppression: Tracing Causal Flows from Societies’ Homogenizing Self-Perceptions to Securitized Ethno-Religious Minority Identity (71956)
Saturday, 1 July 2023 11:00
Session: Session 2
Room: Lecture Room 2
Presentation Type:Oral Presentation
This research is part of a doctoral dissertation that explored how Asian national governments are able to justify suppression of ethno-religious minorities. The study consists of comparative case study analysis using the Most-Similar-Systems-Design, with the five case studies selected to represent a range of regime types, from authoritarian to democratic. The study seeks to disprove regime theory and instead, through the use of process tracing and causal effect flow analysis, proposes an alternative hypothesis that Asian societies’ homogenizing self-perceptions allow political elites to securitize ethno-religious identity through processes of ‘othering’. This provides the grounds for the justification of ethno-religious minorities in Asian states, regardless of regime type.
Authors:
Amanda Fish, Ewha Woman’s University, South Korea
Contesting Humanity: COVID 19 and the Precarity of Rohingya Refugees (71875)
Thursday, 29 June 2023 15:25
Session: Session 3
Room: Room A (Live Stream)
Presentation Type:Live-Stream Presentation
There has been a ubiquitous presence of large scale patterns of migration in recent years leading to the creation of the most cited term ‘refugee crisis’. While most scholarly work has engaged with movements from global South to global North, this article seeks to unpack refugee camps as a distinct form of exclusionary and violent governance exercised by states in Global South itself. Drawing on Achille Mbembe’s work on necro politics and Sara Ahmed’s concept of stranger fetishism; turning to the Rohingya refugees in India for analysis, this article illustrates how geographical spaces- ‘migrant camps’ function as sites of maintaining national sovereignty against the culturally imagined threat. The paper establishes how migrants are simultaneously visiblised and invisiblised by the state making their everyday existence precarious during the COVID 19 crisis.
Authors:
Ananya Sharma, Ashoka University, India
How to Avoid a Great Power War in the Indo-Pacific (71873)
Saturday, 1 July 2023 09:50
Session: Session 1
Room: Lecture Room 2
Presentation Type:Oral Presentation
The most vital problem for the Indo-Pacific region is to shape a political environment ,which makes a great war in the region impossible. Just now we are experiencing that two great powers in Asia, the US and China are involved in an arms race and are militarizing their foreign policy. Add to this that they are both expanding their political, economic and security policy presence and are establishing zones of influence in Asian countries. On the other hand both countries have no desire to go to war. On the contrary. It is crucial to establish a common ground where the US is loosening its hegemonic policy and China is loosening its core policy vis a vis Taiwan. Is a common pressure from the countries in the Indo-Pacific and in the Global South a possibility? Theoretically the paper uses structural realism.
Authors:
Bertel Heurlin, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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